Synapsin I Antibody - #AF6201

Fig. 3. The cerebral protection effects of FMT in mice against age-associated proteins expression levels. (A, B) Quantified protein levels of the cell cycle arrest related proteins of p53, p21, p16/p14, and Rb in mice hippocampus tissues. Data are shown as the mean ± SD, n = 3 per group. Significance was determined by one-way ANOVA followed by the Dunnett T3 test for comparison of multiple groups, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, and ***P < 0.001. (C, D) Quantified protein levels of the DNA damage-related protein ATM, and the cognitive-related proteins synapsin I, synaptophysin and PSD95 in mice hippocampus tissues. Data are shown as the mean ± SD, n = 3 per group. Significance was determined by one-way ANOVA followed by the Dunnett T3 test for comparison of multiple groups, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, and ***P < 0.001. (E, F) Quantified protein levels of the cell senescence-related proteins CREB, p-CREB, ERK, p-ERK, AKT, p-AKT in mice hippocampus tissues. Data are shown as the mean ± SD, n = 3 per group. Significance was determined by one-way ANOVA followed by the Dunnett T3 test for comparison of multiple groups, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, and ***P < 0.001. (G, H) Quantified protein levels of the c-H2AX and TP53BP1 proteins in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Data are shown as the mean ± SD, n = 3 per group. Significance was determined by one-way ANOVA followed by the Dunnett T3 test for comparison of multiple groups, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, and ***P < 0.001. (I, J) Quantified protein levels of the β-galactosidase, c-H2AX, and TP53BP1 proteins in in mice hippocampus tissues. Data are shown as the mean ± SD, n = 3 per group. Significance was determined by one-way ANOVA followed by the Dunnett T3 test for comparison of multiple groups, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, and ***P < 0.001.

Figure 3. rTSMS enhances synapse formation and neuronal activity in rats with SCI. (A-B) Representative images of western blotting and quantitative analysis of PSD95, SYN and NF200 in the injured spinal cord at 21 dpi; n = 3. (C-D) Representative images of immunostaining and statistical analysis of NF200 (green), SYN (red) and DAPI (blue) in the injured spinal cord at 21 dpi; n = 5. (E) Z-stack image of NF200/SYN in the rTSMS group, slice thickness = 10 um, number of layers = 10. (F-G) Representative images of immunostaining and statistical analysis of CGRP (green), SYN (red) and DAPI (blue) in the injured spinal cord at 21 dpi, n = 5. (H-I) Representative images of immunostaining and statistical analysis of TH (green), SYN (red) and DAPI (blue) in the injured spinal cord at 21 dpi, n = 5. (J-K) Z-stack images of CGRP/SYN and TH/SYN in the rTSMS group, slice thickness = 10 um, number of layers = 10. (L) A schematic illustration showing the M1 and S1 regions in the brain. The image was generated with BioRender.com. (M) Representative immunostaining images of NEUN (green), cFOS (red) and DAPI (blue) in the S1 region at 21 dpi. (N) Statistical analysis of cFOS intensity in the M1 and S1 regions at 21 dpi, n = 5. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001.

Figure 3. rTSMS enhances synapse formation and neuronal activity in rats with SCI. (A-B) Representative images of western blotting and quantitative analysis of PSD95, SYN and NF200 in the injured spinal cord at 21 dpi; n = 3. (C-D) Representative images of immunostaining and statistical analysis of NF200 (green), SYN (red) and DAPI (blue) in the injured spinal cord at 21 dpi; n = 5. (E) Z-stack image of NF200/SYN in the rTSMS group, slice thickness = 10 um, number of layers = 10. (F-G) Representative images of immunostaining and statistical analysis of CGRP (green), SYN (red) and DAPI (blue) in the injured spinal cord at 21 dpi, n = 5. (H-I) Representative images of immunostaining and statistical analysis of TH (green), SYN (red) and DAPI (blue) in the injured spinal cord at 21 dpi, n = 5. (J-K) Z-stack images of CGRP/SYN and TH/SYN in the rTSMS group, slice thickness = 10 um, number of layers = 10. (L) A schematic illustration showing the M1 and S1 regions in the brain. The image was generated with BioRender.com. (M) Representative immunostaining images of NEUN (green), cFOS (red) and DAPI (blue) in the S1 region at 21 dpi. (N) Statistical analysis of cFOS intensity in the M1 and S1 regions at 21 dpi, n = 5. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001.

Fig. 5. |Effects of SNS on synaptic-associated protein in the HIP and PFC of stressed rats. Representative immunoblots for PSD-95, GAP-43, Syn, and Tublin in the HIP(A) and PFC(B) regions. (A) Results of relative protein levels of PSD-95, GAP-43, and Syn in the HIP of rats of each group.

Figure 3 Effect of iPSC-NPC-derived exosomes (OGD+iNPC-exo) on expression of the PTEN/AKT signaling pathway and of synaptic plasticity-related proteins in OGD induced neurons. (A–C) mRNA expression (A) and protein expression (B, C) of the PTEN/AKT signaling pathway and of synaptic plasticity-related proteins (NF200, GAP-43, Synapsin, and PSD95) analyzed by polymerase chain reaction and western blot assay. The mRNA expression is described by the optical density ratio relative to the control group. Protein expression was described by the optical density ratio relative to β-actin. Data are presented as mean ± SD. ***P < 0.001, vs. control group; ###P < 0.001 (one-way analysis of variance with post hoc Bonferroni test). All experiments were repeated three times. GAP43: growth associated protein 43; iPSC-NPCs: induced pluripotent stem cells-derived neural progenitor cells; NF200: neurofilament 200; OGD: oxygen-glucose deprivation; p-Akt: phosphor-Akt; PSD95: postsynaptic density protein 95; PTEN: phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten.

Figure 3. Protective effects of ginseng and FMT in mice against age-associated protein expression levels. (A,B) Quantified protein levels of cell cycle arrest-related proteins of p53, p21, p16/p14, and Rb in mouse hippocampus tissues. Data are shown as the mean ± SD, n = 3 per group. Significance was determined by one-way ANOVA, followed by the LSD post hoc test or Dunnett’s T3 test for the comparison of multiple groups; *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, and ***p < 0.001. (C,D) Quantified protein levels of the DNA damage-related protein ATM and the cognitive-related proteins synapsin I, synaptophysin, and PSD95 in mouse hippocampus tissues. Data are shown as the mean ± SD, n = 3 per group. Significance was determined by one-way ANOVA, followed by the LSD post hoc test or Dunnett’s T3 test for the comparison of multiple groups; *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, and ***p < 0.001. (E,F) Quantified protein levels of the cell senescence-related proteins CREB, p-CREB, ERK, p-ERK, AKT, and p-AKT in mouse hippocampus tissues. Data are shown as the mean ± SD, n = 3 per group. Significance was determined by one-way ANOVA, followed by the LSD post hoc test or Dunnett’s T3 test for the comparison of multiple groups; *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, and ***p < 0.001. (G,H) Quantified levels of the c-H2AX and TP53BP1 proteins in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Data are shown as the mean ± SD, n = 3 per group. Significance was determined by one-way ANOVA, followed by the LSD post hoc test or Dunnett’s T3 test for the comparison of multiple groups; *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, and ***p < 0.001.

Figure 5 MS reduces the expression of synaptic-plasticity protein. (A) The bands of synaptic-plasticity proteins of SYN, PSD-95, and GAP-43 in the hippocampus by WB. Statistical results indicate the relative protein levels expressed by SYN, GAP-43, and PSD-95. (B) The bands of synaptic-plasticity proteins of SYN, PSD-95, and GAP-43 in cortex by WB. Statistical results indicate the relative protein levels expressed by SYN, GAP-43, and PSD-95. Statistical analyses are performed by two-way ANOVA followed by t-test. Data are presented as mean ± SEM, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, n = 3 per group.

Fig. 4 ZGP reduces synaptic loss and neuropathological alterations in 3xTg-AD mice. A Representative NeuN IHC in the CA1 region (scale bar, 50 μm). B Quantification of NeuN-positive area in A. C Western blot analysis of hippocampal Syn and PSD-95 expression levels. D Quantification of protein expression levels from C. E Representative HE and Nissl staining in the CA1 region (scale bar, 50 μm). F Representative Golgi staining of hippocampal neurons. G Quantification of dendritic spine density per 10 μm from F. Data are presented as mean ± SEM (n = 5 per group for IHC and WB; n = 10 per group for Golgi staining). Shapiro–Wilk and Bartlett’s tests were used to assess normality and variance homogeneity. All data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test. *P