Phospho-PKM2 (Ser37) Antibody - #AF7231

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製品: Phospho-PKM2 (Ser37) Antibody
カタログ: AF7231
タンパク質の説明: Rabbit polyclonal antibody to Phospho-PKM2 (Ser37)
アプリケーション: WB IHC
Cited expt.: WB
反応性: Human, Mouse, Rat
予測: Pig, Bovine, Sheep, Rabbit, Dog, Xenopus
分子量: 60kd; 58kD(Calculated).
ユニプロット: P14618
RRID: AB_2843671

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製品説明

ソース:
Rabbit
アプリケーション:
WB 1:500-1:2000, IHC 1:50-1:200
*The optimal dilutions should be determined by the end user.
*Tips:

WB: For western blot detection of denatured protein samples. IHC: For immunohistochemical detection of paraffin sections (IHC-p) or frozen sections (IHC-f) of tissue samples. IF/ICC: For immunofluorescence detection of cell samples. ELISA(peptide): For ELISA detection of antigenic peptide.

反応性:
Human,Mouse,Rat
予測:
Pig(100%), Bovine(100%), Sheep(100%), Rabbit(90%), Dog(100%), Xenopus(80%)
クローナリティ:
Polyclonal
特異性:
Phospho-PKM2 (Ser37) Antibody detects endogenous levels of PKM2 only when phosphorylated at Ser37.
RRID:
AB_2843671
引用形式: Affinity Biosciences Cat# AF7231, RRID:AB_2843671.
コンジュゲート:
Unconjugated.
精製:
The antibody is from purified rabbit serum by affinity purification via sequential chromatography on phospho-peptide and non-phospho-peptide affinity columns.
保存:
Rabbit IgG in phosphate buffered saline , pH 7.4, 150mM NaCl, 0.02% sodium azide and 50% glycerol. Store at -20 °C. Stable for 12 months from date of receipt.
別名:

折りたたみ／展開

CTHBP; Cytosolic thyroid hormone binding protein; Cytosolic thyroid hormone-binding protein; KPYM_HUMAN; MGC3932; OIP 3; OIP-3; OIP3; OPA interacting protein 3; Opa-interacting protein 3; p58; PK muscle type; PK, muscle type; PK2; PK3; PKM; PKM2; pykm; Pyruvate kinase 2/3; Pyruvate kinase 3; Pyruvate kinase isozymes M1/M2; Pyruvate kinase muscle; Pyruvate kinase muscle isozyme; pyruvate kinase PKM; Pyruvate kinase, muscle 2; TCB; THBP1; Thyroid hormone binding protein 1; Thyroid hormone binding protein cytosolic; Thyroid hormone-binding protein 1; Tumor M2 PK; Tumor M2-PK;

免疫原

免疫原:

A synthesized peptide derived from human PKM2 around the phosphorylation site of Ser37.

Uniprot:

P14618(KPYM_HUMAN) >>Visit HPA database.

遺伝子(ID):
PKM(5315)
発現特異性:
P14618 KPYM_HUMAN:

Specifically expressed in proliferating cells, such as embryonic stem cells, embryonic carcinoma cells, as well as cancer cells.

タンパク質配列:
MSKPHSEAGTAFIQTQQLHAAMADTFLEHMCRLDIDSPPITARNTGIICTIGPASRSVETLKEMIKSGMNVARLNFSHGTHEYHAETIKNVRTATESFASDPILYRPVAVALDTKGPEIRTGLIKGSGTAEVELKKGATLKITLDNAYMEKCDENILWLDYKNICKVVEVGSKIYVDDGLISLQVKQKGADFLVTEVENGGSLGSKKGVNLPGAAVDLPAVSEKDIQDLKFGVEQDVDMVFASFIRKASDVHEVRKVLGEKGKNIKIISKIENHEGVRRFDEILEASDGIMVARGDLGIEIPAEKVFLAQKMMIGRCNRAGKPVICATQMLESMIKKPRPTRAEGSDVANAVLDGADCIMLSGETAKGDYPLEAVRMQHLIAREAEAAIYHLQLFEELRRLAPITSDPTEATAVGAVEASFKCCSGAIIVLTKSGRSAHQVARYRPRAPIIAVTRNPQTARQAHLYRGIFPVLCKDPVQEAWAEDVDLRVNFAMNVGKARGFFKKGDVVIVLTGWRPGSGFTNTMRVVPVP

種類予測

種類予測:

Score>80(red) has high confidence and is suggested to be used for WB detection. *The prediction model is mainly based on the alignment of immunogen sequences, the results are for reference only, not as the basis of quality assurance.

Species
Results
Score
Pig
100
Bovine
100
Sheep
100
Dog
100
Rabbit
90
Xenopus
80
Horse
0
Zebrafish
0
Chicken
0
Model Confidence:
High(score>80) Medium(80>score>50) Low(score<50) No confidence

研究背景

機能:

Glycolytic enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of a phosphoryl group from phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to ADP, generating ATP. Stimulates POU5F1-mediated transcriptional activation. Plays a general role in caspase independent cell death of tumor cells. The ratio between the highly active tetrameric form and nearly inactive dimeric form determines whether glucose carbons are channeled to biosynthetic processes or used for glycolytic ATP production. The transition between the 2 forms contributes to the control of glycolysis and is important for tumor cell proliferation and survival. Promotes in a STAT1-dependent manner, the expression of the immune checkpoint protein CD274 in ARNTL/BMAL1-deficient macrophages (By similarity).

PTMs:

ISGylated.

Under hypoxia, hydroxylated by EGLN3.

Acetylation at Lys-305 is stimulated by high glucose concentration, it decreases enzyme activity and promotes its lysosomal-dependent degradation via chaperone-mediated autophagy.

FGFR1-dependent tyrosine phosphorylation is reduced by interaction with TRIM35.

細胞の位置付け:

Cytoplasm. Nucleus.
Note: Translocates to the nucleus in response to different apoptotic stimuli. Nuclear translocation is sufficient to induce cell death that is caspase independent, isoform-specific and independent of its enzymatic activity.

Extracellular region or secreted Cytosol Plasma membrane Cytoskeleton Lysosome Endosome Peroxisome ER Golgi apparatus Nucleus Mitochondrion Manual annotation Automatic computational assertionSubcellular location
組織特異性:

Specifically expressed in proliferating cells, such as embryonic stem cells, embryonic carcinoma cells, as well as cancer cells.

タンパク質ファミリー:

Belongs to the pyruvate kinase family.

研究領域

· Human Diseases > Endocrine and metabolic diseases > Type II diabetes mellitus.

· Human Diseases > Infectious diseases: Viral > Human papillomavirus infection.

· Human Diseases > Cancers: Overview > Viral carcinogenesis.

· Human Diseases > Cancers: Overview > Central carbon metabolism in cancer.   (View pathway)

· Metabolism > Carbohydrate metabolism > Glycolysis / Gluconeogenesis.

· Metabolism > Nucleotide metabolism > Purine metabolism.

· Metabolism > Carbohydrate metabolism > Pyruvate metabolism.

· Metabolism > Global and overview maps > Metabolic pathways.

· Metabolism > Global and overview maps > Carbon metabolism.

· Metabolism > Global and overview maps > Biosynthesis of amino acids.

· Organismal Systems > Endocrine system > Glucagon signaling pathway.

参考文献

1). EGFR tyrosine kinase activity and Rab GTPases coordinate EGFR trafficking to regulate macrophage activation in sepsis. Cell Death & Disease, 2022 (PubMed: 36344490) [IF=8.1]

Application: WB    Species: Mouse    Sample:

Fig. 6: Inhibition of EGFR phosphorylation suppresses glycolysis-dependent M1 polarization in macrophages. A–F BMDMs were treated with LPS (1 μg/mL) for 24 h with or without PD168393 (10 μM) pretreatment for 30 min. A RT-qPCR analysis of mRNA expression of IL-1β (n = 3). B RT-qPCR analysis of mRNA expression of iNOS (n = 3). C Western blot was used to detect the expression of iNOS. D iNOS expression on the surface of BMDM was analyzed by flow cytometry. E Percentage of iNOS -positive BMDM is shown (n = 3). F Mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) is shown (n = 3). G–I Macrophages were collected from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of C57BL/6 mice subjected to CLP and were divided into sham-operated, CLP and CLP plus Erlotinib (100 mg/kg, gavage) pretreatmend for 2 h, and alveolar macrophages were identified with CD45 + CD11b + F4/80high. G iNOS expression on the surface of alveolar macrophage was analyzed by flow cytometry. H Percentage of iNOS-positive alveolar macrophage is shown (n = 9). I Mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) is shown (n = 9). J Cluster analysis of differentially expressed metabolites in RAW264.7 measured after treated with LPS (1 μg/mL) for 30 min with or without PD168393 (PD 10 μM) pretreatment for 30 min, when compared with control. Blue and red indicates down-or upregulation, respectively (n = 3 samples of each condition). K Schematic illustrating the metabolites that are decreased (blue) in PD168393 (10 μM) RAW264.7 cells at 24 h after LPS stimulation. L PD168393 (10 μM) pretreatment RAW264.7 cells exhibited a ~2 -fold decrease in lactate levels compared with LPS group (n = 3). M Representative western blots of HIF1-a, p-PKM2, PKM2, LDHA expression in RAW264.7 cells. The graphs depict mean ± SD based on three independent experiments.
2). Shikonin improves pulmonary vascular remodeling in monocrotaline‑induced pulmonary arterial hypertension via regulation of PKM2. Molecular Medicine Reports, 2023 (PubMed: 36734266) [IF=3.4]
3). Ochratoxin A induces reprogramming of glucose metabolism by switching energy metabolism from oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis in human gastric epithelium GES-1 cells in vitro. TOXICOLOGY LETTERS, 2020 (PubMed: 32835834) [IF=2.9]

Application: WB    Species: human    Sample: GES-1 cells

Fig. 5. |OTA promotes phosphorylation and inhibits activity of PKM2. (A) The mRNA expression of PKM2 was evaluated by qRT-PCR in OTA treated cells. (B) Protein expression levels of PKM2 and p-PKM2 (Ser 37) were evaluated after treated with OTA by Western blot.

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