beta Tubulin Antibody - #DF7967

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製品: beta Tubulin Antibody
カタログ: DF7967
タンパク質の説明: Rabbit polyclonal antibody to beta Tubulin
アプリケーション: WB
Cited expt.: WB
反応性: Human, Mouse, Rat
分子量: 50 kDa; 50kD(Calculated).
ユニプロット: P07437
RRID: AB_2841359

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製品説明

ソース:
Rabbit
アプリケーション:
WB 1:1000-3000
*The optimal dilutions should be determined by the end user.
*Tips:

WB: For western blot detection of denatured protein samples. IHC: For immunohistochemical detection of paraffin sections (IHC-p) or frozen sections (IHC-f) of tissue samples. IF/ICC: For immunofluorescence detection of cell samples. ELISA(peptide): For ELISA detection of antigenic peptide.

反応性:
Human,Mouse,Rat
クローナリティ:
Polyclonal
特異性:
beta Tubulin Antibody detects endogenous levels of total beta Tubulin.
RRID:
AB_2841359
引用形式: Affinity Biosciences Cat# DF7967, RRID:AB_2841359.
コンジュゲート:
Unconjugated.
精製:
The antiserum was purified by peptide affinity chromatography using SulfoLink™ Coupling Resin (Thermo Fisher Scientific).
保存:
Rabbit IgG in phosphate buffered saline , pH 7.4, 150mM NaCl, 0.02% sodium azide and 50% glycerol. Store at -20 °C. Stable for 12 months from date of receipt.
別名:

折りたたみ／展開

Tubulin beta 2b; Alpha tubulin; Alpha-tubulin ubiquitous; beta Ib tubulin; CDCBM5; CDCBM6; fd02b12; K ALPHA 1; M40; OK/SW-cl.56; TBA1B_HUMAN; TUBA1B; TUBB1; TUBB2; TUBB5; tubulin alpha 1b; Tubulin alpha-1B chain; Tubulin alpha-ubiquitous chain; Tubulin beta 1b; Tubulin beta 2A; tubulin beta 2A class IIa; Tubulin beta; tubulin beta chain; tubulin beta class I; tubulin beta-1 chain; tubulin beta-2A chain; tubulin beta-5 chain; Tubulin K-alpha-1; tubulin, alpha, ubiquitous; tubulin, beta 2A class IIa; tubulin, beta polypeptide 2; tubulin, beta polypeptide; tubulin, beta, class IIA; wu:fd02b12; zgc:55461;

免疫原

免疫原:

A synthesized peptide derived from human beta Tubulin, corresponding to a region within C-terminal amino acids.

Uniprot:

P07437(TBB5_HUMAN) >>Visit HPA database.

遺伝子(ID):
TUBB(203068)
発現特異性:
P07437 TBB5_HUMAN:

Ubiquitously expressed with highest levels in spleen, thymus and immature brain.

タンパク質配列:
MREIVHIQAGQCGNQIGAKFWEVISDEHGIDPTGTYHGDSDLQLDRISVYYNEATGGKYVPRAILVDLEPGTMDSVRSGPFGQIFRPDNFVFGQSGAGNNWAKGHYTEGAELVDSVLDVVRKEAESCDCLQGFQLTHSLGGGTGSGMGTLLISKIREEYPDRIMNTFSVVPSPKVSDTVVEPYNATLSVHQLVENTDETYCIDNEALYDICFRTLKLTTPTYGDLNHLVSATMSGVTTCLRFPGQLNADLRKLAVNMVPFPRLHFFMPGFAPLTSRGSQQYRALTVPELTQQVFDAKNMMAACDPRHGRYLTVAAVFRGRMSMKEVDEQMLNVQNKNSSYFVEWIPNNVKTAVCDIPPRGLKMAVTFIGNSTAIQELFKRISEQFTAMFRRKAFLHWYTGEGMDEMEFTEAESNMNDLVSEYQQYQDATAEEEEDFGEEAEEEA

研究背景

機能:

Tubulin is the major constituent of microtubules. It binds two moles of GTP, one at an exchangeable site on the beta chain and one at a non-exchangeable site on the alpha chain.

PTMs:

Some glutamate residues at the C-terminus are polyglutamylated, resulting in polyglutamate chains on the gamma-carboxyl group. Polyglutamylation plays a key role in microtubule severing by spastin (SPAST). SPAST preferentially recognizes and acts on microtubules decorated with short polyglutamate tails: severing activity by SPAST increases as the number of glutamates per tubulin rises from one to eight, but decreases beyond this glutamylation threshold.

Some glutamate residues at the C-terminus are monoglycylated but not polyglycylated due to the absence of functional TTLL10 in human. Monoglycylation is mainly limited to tubulin incorporated into axonemes (cilia and flagella). Both polyglutamylation and monoglycylation can coexist on the same protein on adjacent residues, and lowering glycylation levels increases polyglutamylation, and reciprocally. The precise function of monoglycylation is still unclear (Probable).

Phosphorylated on Ser-172 by CDK1 during the cell cycle, from metaphase to telophase, but not in interphase. This phosphorylation inhibits tubulin incorporation into microtubules.

細胞の位置付け:

Cytoplasm>Cytoskeleton.

Extracellular region or secreted Cytosol Plasma membrane Cytoskeleton Lysosome Endosome Peroxisome ER Golgi apparatus Nucleus Mitochondrion Manual annotation Automatic computational assertionSubcellular location
組織特異性:

Ubiquitously expressed with highest levels in spleen, thymus and immature brain.

タンパク質ファミリー:

The highly acidic C-terminal region may bind cations such as calcium.

Belongs to the tubulin family.

研究領域

· Cellular Processes > Transport and catabolism > Phagosome.   (View pathway)

· Cellular Processes > Cellular community - eukaryotes > Gap junction.   (View pathway)

· Human Diseases > Infectious diseases: Bacterial > Pathogenic Escherichia coli infection.

参考文献

1). Glypican-3-targeted macrophages delivering drug-loaded exosomes offer efficient cytotherapy in mouse models of solid tumours. Nature communications, 2024 (PubMed: 39313508) [IF=16.6]
2). Network Pharmacology and In Vitro Experimental Verification Reveal the Mechanism of the Hirudin in Suppressing Myocardial Hypertrophy. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 2022 (PubMed: 35784743) [IF=5.6]

Application: WB    Species: Rat    Sample: H9c2 cells

FIGURE 8 H9c2 cells were treated with 1 μM AngII, (0.6, 1.2 mM) hirudin and 10 μM losartan for 24 h, respectively. (A) The expression of STAT3, MAPK1 and IL-6 were analyzed by qRT-PCR, n = 6. (B) The IL-6 in cell supernatant was assayed by ELISA, n = 5. (C) Western blot for the expression of proteins including STAT3, p-STAT3, MAPK1, p-MAPK1 and IL-6. (D) Quantified by western blot analysis and normalized to control, n = 3. Bars represent the mean ± SD, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01.
3). Facilitating microglia M2 polarization alleviates p-Synephrine-induced depressive-like behaviours in CSDS mice via the 5-HT6R-FYN-ERK1/2 pathway. International immunopharmacology, 2024 (PubMed: 39742728) [IF=5.6]
4). Buyang Huanwu Decoction improves synaptic plasticity of ischemic stroke by regulating the cAMP/PKA/CREB pathway. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 2024 (PubMed: 39089658) [IF=4.8]
5). Expression of Retinal G Protein-Coupled Receptor, a Member of the Opsin Family, in Human Skin Cells and Its Mediation of the Cellular Functions of Keratinocytes. Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology, 2022 (PubMed: 35445026) [IF=4.6]
6). Identification and Validation of Genes Related to Macrophage Polarization and Cell Death Modes Under Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection. Journal of Inflammation Research, 2024 [IF=4.5]

Application: WB    Species: Human    Sample:

Figure 7 Macrophage polarization. (A) The flowchart of inducing THP-1 polarization into M1/M2 Mφ. Created with BioRender.com. (B) PCR validation of M1/M2 Mφ marker genes. Compare data between multiple groups using one way ANOVA. (C) WB validation of M1/M2 Mφ marker genes. Compare data between multiple groups using one way ANOVA. The statistical chart shows the analysis results of three independent repeated experiments.
7). Reduced endometrial expression of histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) in women with adenomyosis who complained of heavy menstrual bleeding. Reproductive BioMedicine Online, 2023 (PubMed: 37690341) [IF=3.7]
8). Reduced endometrial expression of histone deacetylase 3 in women with adenomyosis who complained of heavy menstrual bleeding. Reproductive biomedicine online, 2023 (PubMed: 37690341) [IF=3.7]
9). Roles of Rufy3 in experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage-induced early brain injury via accelerating neuronal axon repair and synaptic plasticity. Molecular Brain, 2022 (PubMed: 35461284) [IF=3.6]

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